Addiction or Substance Use Disorder

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is a clinical diagnosis for problematic behaviors related to the use of alcohol, drugs, or prescription medications. The DSM-5 outlines criteria for diagnosis and categorizes SUD by severity: mild, moderate, or severe. Key symptoms include cravings, failed control attempts, and social problems. Addiction, a severe form of SUD, involves compulsive use, dependence, and tolerance. Treatment options include detox, inpatient and outpatient care, therapy, medication, and sober living homes. Click here to learn more about The Active Recovery Online Program.

What is a SUD

Substance use disorder is a clinical diagnosis used by mental health professionals to categorize a range of problematic behaviors associated with the use of substances such as alcohol, illicit drugs, or prescription medications. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) outlines specific criteria for diagnosing SUD, and it includes a spectrum of severity, classified as mild, moderate, or severe. The DSM-5 is like the holy bible of therapy. Not all therapists believe in it but use it anyway because of insurance reimbursements. 

I have written blog posts explaining in more detail additional important topics of addiction. You can find them below.

• Click here to learn more about addiction criteria.
• Click here to learn more about withdrawals.
• Click here to learn more about triggers.
• Click here to learn more about cravings.
• Click here to learn more about support systems.
• Click here to learn more about relapse prevention planning.
• Click here to learn more about drink tracking.
• Click here to learn more about mood fluctuations.
• Click here to learn the difference between moderation and abstinence.

Here are Some Key Points About SUD

Think of SUD as the big umbrella term. It's what mental health professionals use to diagnose a range of issues related to using substances, like alcohol, drugs (both legal and illegal), and even prescription medications.

Here's what you need to know about SUD:

• Broad Spectrum: SUD encompasses various substances, not limited to a single drug or alcohol. It applies to any substance with the potential for misuse or abuse.

• Diagnostic Criteria: A diagnosis of SUD is made based on specific criteria, which may include symptoms like cravings, failed attempts to control substance use, social or interpersonal problems, and neglect of responsibilities due to substance use.

• Severity Levels: Depending on the number and severity of symptoms, SUD can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe, providing a nuanced understanding of the individual's relationship with the substance.

What is Addiction

While addiction is a term frequently used colloquially, it often refers to a severe and chronic form of substance use disorder. Addiction represents the most profound level of dependency on a substance, and it is characterized by specific traits:

• Compulsive Use: Individuals with addiction experience an uncontrollable urge to use the substance despite knowing it is harmful which leads to negative consequences.

• Physical and Psychological Dependence: Addiction often involves both physical dependence (withdrawal symptoms when not using the substance) and psychological dependence (strong cravings and emotional reliance on the substance).

• Tolerance: People with addiction may develop a tolerance, requiring increasing amounts of the substance to achieve the desired effect.

• Behavioral Impacts: Addiction can result in behaviors like seeking the substance at any cost, neglecting personal hygiene and responsibilities, and experiencing significant disruptions in one's life due to substance use.

Treatment Options

Embarking on the journey to recovery from substance use disorder (SUD) or addiction is a courageous step toward a healthier, happier life. But what treatment options are available to help individuals on this path?

• Detoxification (Detox): The first step for many with a severe substance use disorder is medically supervised detox. This process helps manage withdrawal symptoms safely and comfortably as the body clears the substance from the system. Detox alone is typically not sufficient for long-term recovery but is a crucial first step.
• Inpatient Or Residential Treatment (Rehab): For those with severe addiction or those who require a highly structured environment, inpatient or residential treatment programs provide 24/7 care in a live-in setting. These programs offer intensive therapy, group therapy, support, and education.
• Outpatient Treatment (OP): Outpatient programs are more flexible and allow the person to receive treatment while living at home. These programs often include individual counseling, group therapy, and educational sessions. They are suitable for those with less severe SUDs or as a step-down after inpatient treatment.
• Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT): MAT combines medications with counseling and behavioral therapies to address substance use disorders, particularly for opioids (e.g., heroin, prescription painkillers) and alcohol. Medications like methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone can help reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms.
• Counseling and Therapy: Individual and group counseling are essential components of SUD treatment. Usually, there is significant trauma in place for a SUD diagnosis so addressing the trauma and other maladaptive coping techniques is critical.
• Sober Living Homes (Transitional Support): Sober living homes offer structured, substance-free living environments. They serve as a transitional step between treatment and returning to regular life, providing a supportive community and accountability.

The Active Recovery Online Program

More Resources

If you or a loved one is struggling with addiction, I can help. If you are interested, you can check out the available resources here: Click here to learn more.

Are you passionate about helping others unlock their potential? Our Board Certified Coach (BCC) training, approved by the Center for Credentialing & Education (CCE), equips you with the skills, tools, and certification needed to thrive as a professional coach. Take the next step toward a rewarding coaching career with our comprehensive program! Click here to learn more!

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About the Author

Jessica Taylor is a licensed therapist and board certified coach who contributes to the promotion of mental health and addiction awareness by providing educational resources and information.